Project Description

ADHD is notably present in prison populations, with a prevalence of 25-45% (Young et al., 2015), compared to 5% of general-population adults (Fayyad et al., 2017). Existing prison policies and practices often fail to accommodate the specific needs of people with ADHD (CCJI, 2021; Uservoice, 2023) and research is woefully lacking. Consequently, these individuals experience increased vulnerability and difficulties in accessing appropriate support (CJJI, 2021) in an environment that may heighten sensory sensitivities and stress responses. Individuals with ADHD may also struggle to understand complex prison rules or fully engage with rehabilitative programs. These difficulties likely exacerbate mental health issues, behavioural challenges (Young, Wells, & Gudjonsson, 2011) and limit access to parole opportunities. Furthermore, recent research has found that the majority of criminal-justice involved individuals have not been educated in their neurodiverse condition, or how it impacts their cognitive, emotional or social functioning (Uservoice, 2023), making self-advocacy problematic.

This research will explore the lived experiences of individuals with ADHD in prison settings, focusing on how their condition shapes their daily lives, rehabilitation journeys, and preparation for release. This research seeks to identify areas where the prison environment may exacerbate/mitigate ADHD-related challenges, offering insights into potential adjustments to prison routines, support systems, and communication practices. The study will adopt a mixed-methods approach, integrating interviews with imprisoned individuals with ADHD, alongside perspectives from prison staff/allied professionals. Ultimately, this project aims to contribute to policy and practice, fostering an environment where neurodiversity is recognised and accommodated to improve rehabilitation outcomes and societal reintegration.